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Médersas d’Alger, de Tlemcen et de Constantine
(Epau, 2015) HORRA,Badr El-Mounir; BABA-AHMED KASSAB,Tsouria [Encadreur]
At the age of enlightenment, a vast neo-humanist movement was born. It will be the catalyst of plural
cultural productions, including those related to the fascination of the mysterious world of the Orient, subject
of infatuation and desire, which will henceforth be known as Orientalism. Like any philosophical and artistical
movement, the orientalist fantasy could not escape the physical materialization, which then began in Europe
and the United States in the mid-nineteenth century.
Moreover, the hegemonic colonial enterprise of that century had long turned its back on local
cultures, regarding them as minor and irrelevant to the civilizing building it had spread throughout the vast
colonized lands, including those spread from the Maghreb to the Mashriq. Although the economic enterprise
was successful, the cultural component was rather a big failure.
It is in this context of the second half of the nineteenth century that the colonial enterprise made a
total ideological shift, appropriating knowledge produced for over a century by the orientalist scholars to be
used as an official policy. The alterity wasn’t always present, this spectacular use, in the early twentieth
century, was then no less hegemonic than the first, because the dominant / dominated relationship was once
more in the privilege of western rather than the aboriginal 'the indigenous'.
So our historiographical contribution then returns to the historical-architectural context of
nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Algeria. It does not fail to draw on funds from various archives, often
of first and secondhand, while spanning on the careers of two famous architects, protagonists of the Algerian
neo-Moorish style, officialized and formalized in the time of the General Governor Charles Jonnart.
The study is limited in time as it meet the objectives of a first post-graduation in architectural and
urban heritage; it will also review historiographical studies, in particular, architectural monographs kind. A
research work dealing with many details of three studies cases, namely Algiers, Tlemcen and Constantine’s
Franco-Arab Madrasah – another colonial enterprise that the history will probably not fail to reveal.
This modest work, represents a first step in these vast fields of knowledge builded around the issue
of Orientalism, which could be described may be as a post-saïdienne2 approach. It aims to increase the field
of knowledge, while attempting to make an analytical-reading review on the architectural Orientalism
characterizing the French colonial enterprise in Algeria, at the dawn of the twentieth century
L'architecture comme solution urbaine face aux contraintes topographiques Cas des immeubles collectifs Algérois
(Epau, 2016) KASBADJI AMEUR, Sabrina; KASSAB BABA AHMED,Tsouria[Encadreur]
The preservation of architectural heritage in Algeria is a major challenge today.
In this perspective, this research is a contribution to the knowledge and the enhancement of
the colonial architectural heritage of the twentieth century.This heritage constitutes much of
the housing stock and contributes to the definition of the urban image of the city.
Algiers is a special city, known for its complex topography and steep terrain difficult to
construct, it has interested many architects and specialists. Indeed Algiers has been the subject
of several researches, often devoted to architecture and urban planning of the city.
The relief in Algiers is more than just data, regarded as a constraint for some, others take it as
an asset and thus realize very complex architectural projects that fit this steep site.
Through this study, we will light the various forms of adaptations and urban solutions address
these topographical integration problems.
The identification of this colonial architecture of the twentieth century who does not obey the
urban layout, but to the topography, and cataloging of its characteristics for a possible
heritage and are the main objectives of our research.
La question du réemploi dans la sauvegarde du patrimoine bâti
(Epau, 2014) KOURI, Oulfa Nouha; BOUCHAREB, Abdelouahab [Encadreur]
Abstract:
Theories on the heritage, its preservation, its restoration and the modalities of its
protection, mainly questions related to the integrity and the authenticity, have been developed
since centuries in particular in the fields of architecture and other plastic arts. Unlikely the re-use
arrived only late as subject of these debates.
Indeed, the current patrimonial consciousness has a mitigated look on the practice of
the re-use. It condemns it without appeal, by misunderstanding, by forgetting that it’s
immemorial, in the Mediterranean area and somewhere else. Nevertheless up today, the re-use
continues to constitute, a basic form of preservation or, at least, a modality of transmission of
material cultures which would had disappear otherwise.
In Constantine, as in other Algerian cities, the human action never refrained from
marking its imprint by using and by reusing the tracks of her predecessors. It is the image which
offers Constantine’s old town, a palimpsest that reveals, between lines, the substrata of all the
occupants since the pre-antique period.
However, if we linger little over this phenomenon, it could reveal more important
subtleties and why no, find there, a will of preservation of the reused object.
The re-use which consists in using an object having lost its use to give it another one,
with a minimum of modification on its structure and shape, is studied in the present research,
under the prism of the precepts of the protection and the patrimonial transmission.
The historical retrospective underlines the emergence of three main types of re-use:
functional, esthetical and symbolic. This distinction can be observers from the beginning of the
practice, in its strictest meaning, whether in the western or in the Muslim world.
In the first world, the re-use seems to be for esthetical and symbolic dominance, and is
developed in a factural way. Whether in the most ancient time where Rome reused the elements
of the Greek architecture by admiration, or in later periods, the re-use takes a rather artistic
aspect. Whereas in the Islamic world, the re-use seems to be a more current and more usual
practice, making part of the constructive act itself.
This distinction raises the cognitive value of the elements of re-use, which witnesses
of not only a disappeared monument, but also, enriches the knowledge of the ancestral
constructive methods. So, the historic cities did not develop strata on stratum, but stratum in
stratum. Thus the re-use would be at the origin of the character of palimpsest so often observed
in sites inhabited for a long as the example of the city of Constantine, the study case of our
research.
The re-use is studied through a sampling of 4 major monuments of Constantine’s old town, itself
resulting from the study of the archaeological permanencies, which means: Constantine’s big
mosque (Djamaa el Kebir), Ahmed Bey’s palace, the military base of the Kasbah, the bridge of
El Kanara.
So, through a study confronting the textual, graphic and iconographic sources with the
observation in situ; which are the principal rules of the monographic study, this research
analyzes the historical re-use in Constantine’s old town. So, this study capitalizes the
information, and aims besides, the clearing of a still unexplored ground, to produce a renewed
knowledge of the studied monuments as well as their architectonic elements, and thereby, to
enrich the level of the knowledge of the studied monuments as well as their architectonic
elements, and thereby, to enrich the level of the knowledge of the ancestral constructive
methods.
Les Caractéristiques architecturales et le système constructif du Blockhaus de Koléa
(Epau, 2014) KOURI, Yacine; DJEBRI, Boualem[Encadreur]
Algeria includes an important military heritage, which is linked to the evolution of
military architecture and the successive contribution of different civilization, from the
Romans to French colonization. For that reason, Algeria contains a rich and
exceptional military heritage. But unfortunately, this heritage is poorly maintained and
not protected. It is present in the urban landscape, but at a discrete and fragmented
manner.
The safeguarding and the enhancement of the defensive heritage is in a bad state,
because most of these monuments hasn’t been granted too much importance, which
lead to its isolation and deterioration.
Blockhouse of Tombourouf, which is located in the city of Kolea, is a defensive
monument, which was built during the French period. This blockhouse has never been
a subject of detailed study. Therefore, the objective of this research is to know,
recognize and promote this building, but also to develop a theoretical support for
restoration projects.
The study of the history of Kolea, which is not very known, was essential, because
it provided us with the necessary information concerning the reasons and the context
of blockhouse of Tombourouf building, which is today neglected and almost forgotten.
Through this work we have given a theoretical contribution to the production of
knowledge for the benefit of our cultural heritage. We documented the blockhouse of
Tombourouf on historical, architectural and constructive plan through a descriptive
and analytical study, moreover with many operations of extraction and drawing of
architectural and constructive details. We will finish this work with recommendations
L’apport des Guiauchain au patrimoine architectural algérois (1830-1930)
(Epau, 2016) LAMMALI,Nesrine; CHERGUI,Samia
The Guiauchain in Algeria: one family, three architects, three times and three different ways
of thinking of colonial architecture. It is in this light that this research is based. Our interest is in
both the history of French architecture in Algeria and the artistic and intellectual trajectory of this
unique line of architects face the Algerian architecture of the nineteenth–twentieth century, who
from 1830, has linked his name with many achievements in the Algerian capital.
From the cross of colonial urban doctrines but also largely marked by the interaction of
European standards with local realities and the modern movement, Guiauchain’s architecture
represents a rich heritage of a great variety of forms; From Pierre Augustus, to Georges Adrein
Auguste until last Jacques, they transmitted the profession of architecture from father to sun and
“were a dynasty of builders” in Algeria and this from the early years of colonization.
Indeed the operations brought to Algiers by this family form an architectural corpus of great
diversity and great interest. These little-known achievements deserve to be analyzed to the extent
that they are fully representative of the climate of experimentation that took place in the years 1830-
1930 in Algiers. This research tries to uncover the dynasty of architects that has gone through more
than a century of history and architectural production, where all these three actors shows through its
orientations and biases in a particular time support of Algerian heritage of the nineteenth and
twentieth centuries.