L'héritage des tracés Géométriques d'époque coloniale française dans la Mitidja Le binôme village/périmètre de colonisation

Abstract

The current structure of the Algerian urban territories is mainly the fect of the engineers of the Military Engineering and those of the bridges and roadways (Ponts-et-chaussées). In order to get an idea of the extent of the territories occupied and "shaped" by French colonization in Algeria, Mr. Cote notes that between 1848 and 1928, the official colonization services created 631 perimeters of colonization. There are 475 colonization villages built in these perimeters. We approach the knowledge of the French colonial founding villages on a particular part of the history of cities considered on several scales in order to understand the mechanism of their achievements; The scale of the territory through the establishment of the network of colonization villages that corresponds to the urban network that we know today, that of the binomial City / perimeter of colonization which represents the basic instrument of the spatial occupation and the geometrical shaping of the territory. Finally, the scale of the village of colonization by the identification of the geometric lines at the base of the specificity of the mode of urban composition. It is also envisaged the search for links or filiations allowing us to put end-to-end fragments of the French colonial urban history in Algeria with its predecessors. The particularity of the territory of the plain of Mitidja as a homogeneous morphological and landscape entity and its proximity to Algiers, which saw the birth of the first villages and networks makes the readings of the process of urban colonization more practical.