Etude numerique de l'impact de la géometrie et des mat"riauxdes places publiques Algéroise sur l'albédo des surfaces

Abstract

The urbanization of cities over the centuries has led to the mineralization of natural land surfaces through the use of waterproof materials (asphalt, concrete, brick etc ...) used to shelter and meet all the needs of people. Cities thus experience an increase in temperatures during the day that they restore during the night. This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island, is present in most cities today and is particularly evident in urban public spaces, causing a deterioration in the quality of thermal comfort and an increase in energy consumption related to refreshment needs. One of the main causes of UIC formation could lie in the variation of morphology and materials used in urban spaces. Indeed, these could affect the degree of absorption and reflection of solar energy (albedo), which subsequently, affects and changes the microclimate of the city. The present work, focuses on the study of the impact of the materials as well as the geometrical forms used within the public spaces, namely, the public squares, on the modification of the values of what we call the surface albedo using numerical simulations conducted using the Solene thermo- radiative software, developed by CERMA de Nantes. The results of the studies carried out allowed us to establish that the geometry of the places as well as the nature of the materials which compose them are indeed determining factors to the modifica-tion of the albedo values of the surfaces. This research can serve as a reference for designers and developers in the study and development of urban projects offering better albedo values which will help to mitigate the phenomena related to the formation of urban heat islands offering a better degree of comfort in the outdoor public spaces, namely, the public squares.