Contribution à la reconnaissance du processus de formation du territoire de la ville d'El-djezair,avant1830

Abstract

The "Fahs" which means the immediate area of the city of El Djezaïr before 1830, seems to be an expression rooted in the collective memory of Algerians. If the dictionaries ascribe the campaign definition of the city or its suburbs, the term remains a concept to identify and define perspectives: meaning, location, extent and especially habitat type. Some historians distinguish Fahs El-Djezaïr into three entities recognizable compared to their accessibility: Fahs Bab Azoun, Fahs of Bab El Oued and Fahs Bab-Djedid. on the other sidearchives, especially those of the Ottoman administration, mention it as a locality near the city. Furthermore, the extra-urban territory of the city El Djezaïr before modern urbanisations during the 19th and the 20th centuries was its relevant area of production and activities. The (city / production area and activities) formed a specific and particular territory by its geomorphology as soft and flat for agriculture, grazing on the one hand ..., so rough and steep for extracting materials construction on the other, .... . The territory of the town of El-Djezaïr, has become the collective result of several civilizations by its stratification through many centuries. Therefore, it gained an outstanding heritage value. This research aims the recognition of the territory of the city El-Djezaïr and the logic established between its geomorphology and types of human settlement that are bound to it throughout history. To do this, the research is based on the exploitation of sources and historical references firsthand: a corpus long exploited for the recognition of "the so-called Casbah" while flying over the area of production and activities. This corpus is made especially by Arab literature dating from the 9th to the 14th century, literature and cartographic and iconographic representations from The 16th century documents of the Ottoman administration and finally the documents of French Military Engineering . Through a set of four read criteria: geomorphology, the water system, natural paths and types of settlements, it was possible to interpret the process of implantation and consolidation of the city territory El-Djezaïr and deduce the different phases of expansion of its production area and activities, their extent, their natural and human boundaries (rivers, bridges, isolated forts, ...) and the various form of human settlement that existed there around the city, including its "Fohos," plural of "Fahs" like Fahs Albiar, Fahs El-Kadous, Fahs El-Djenane ..... Theresearch has helped to establish a more detailed definition of "Fahs" an original term Andalusian according to Yakut El-Hamawi