La réhabilitation énergétique du logement existant pour une réduction de la consommation à Alger

Abstract

Energy is an indispensable resource especially in an age where consumption per individual has never been higher. Its non-renewable sources are those which have enabled us to satisfy the demands so far and consequently, today, we face the eminent exhaustion of the latter. Our obstinacy to go further and to aspire to more technological advances, we ended up with an ill world. Climate change due to our lifestyle is becoming more and more worrying and the ideal of sustainability seems to be less and less attainable. Thus, the countries engaged in a struggle to deal with them. As 33% of world energy consumption, the tertiary and residential sector has become a priority in this fight. It represents not only the largest share of our spending but it is also a sensitive sector due to the economic, political, social and environmental issues it confronts us to. Any intervention could be considered as an optimal solution if it takes into account all these issues related to it. By this logic energy rehabilitation is one of the best ways to increase opportunities and reduce risks. This rehabilitation, which is approached from an energy perspective, is based on the processes of energy efficiency in which we seek to achieve a certain objective with minimum energy. In buildings, in general, urbanistic, architectural and socio-technical factors influence it. By rehabilitating, we intervene on the same factors but within the limits of the existing and according to the most profitable scenario. In Algeria, with a consumption of 41% by the services sector and the residential sector, the state was interested in the matter but still not in its rehabilitation aspect while its existing housing stock is close to 10 million dwellings. We then made a comparison between two case studies, one being part of the Eco-Bat project of new buildings carried by the state and supposed to be energy efficient and the other part being from the existing housing stock to which we propose a rehabilitation. The results obtained with the BEopt software showed that not only the Eco-Bat project performances could be exceeded by the rehabilitation of the existing project, but that energy consumption could be divided too. These results have been achieved by rehabilitation with simple means, investment in efficient equipment and more optimal household behaviors.