Identification de l'architecture mauresque , dans le tissu traditionnel mixte de Blida Analyse de typologies architecturales résidentielles

Abstract

This research has made on the perspective of the study on the interpretation of the architectural and traditional language of Blida. This study was made during the french colonialism; at the end of XIX century. This town (Blida) has made the objective of many studies addressing the historical, urban and architectural aspects. To share this small contribution to the knowledge of residential patrimony of Blida, we update a mile stone in our almost unknown architectural heritage, in a perspective of elaborating a PPSMVSS because it is like ranking, sector saved. So, our choice is the ancient city of Blida, which has an exceptional patrimonial and cultural situation, is exceptional, where the cultural patch is memorable. It is irrigated by the ruins of many civilizations, like then Berber, Arab-Andalusian, Ottoman and European that gave her a typical architecture qualified by the Moorish style, as garden patio or courtyard. In fact ,the settlement of the Moorish coming from Andalus in Blida during the XVI century helped the development of Arab-Andalusian houses, especially in the center original of Blida. We find all elements of Andalus architecture in the traditional house of Blida, with a register architecture quite distinctive. The study on the architectural styles of the traditional house blidéene, we headed for the examination of possible histories of some of its elements of composition. And the thematic parallel architecture that can be observed in other geographic points, which seem to have given its final structure. Two prototypes of houses with patios were studied, namely, the Andalusian house in southern Spain and the Ottoman house in the Casbah of Algiers. A rigorous study was undertaken to enable us to define all the architectural elements and architectural representative samples of residential typologies blidéènnes. These were selected through the selection criteria of an architectural and formal, and then analyzed by a method morphological typo. The conclusion of this research is part of the formation of significant typological forms of traditional houses from blidéennes investigative tools in the field. They contain the information necessary for defining the elements of composition named segments for the purpose of an analytical model of the system of collection of specimens. These data allowed us to build representative models of morphological structures and study their formal variations. The final outcome of this study is cataloging and classification of architectural styles, ending with the interpretation of test results compared to the name of traditional fabrics and their intrinsic and extrinsic. This small contribution to knowledge will allow development of a heritage long hidden, threatening to disappear without a recognition and a backup imperative because it is one of the unique architectural and stylistic control of residential architecture Arab-Andalusian in Algeria, with its historical, architectural and heritage significant.