Les éléments de conception et de construction des résidences du fahs d' El-djazair de l'époque Ottomane.

Abstract

The Faḥs of El-Djezaïr city represented a very important territory during the Ottoman period, enveloping the medina on hills and valleys surrounding. This territory included various built structures whose vacation residences. These horticultural fields or gardens, known in Arabic as Djnens were represented by a green fabric dotted with country houses accompanied by several outbuildings. The Algiers campaign was characterized by the fertility of its lands, its richness of water and its varied vegetation. This built and plant heritage reflects concern to tame the site, to adapt to its constraints and seize the potential it offers. It certifies as well the ingenuity of the builders of the time reconciling the two materials which are the mineral and vegetable. Our research revolves around the campaign residences in the Faḥs of Algiers during the Ottoman era. It fits into a global problem linked to the conservation of built and plant heritage through the rediscovery and transmission of old local know-how. The descriptions of travelers attest of the magnitude of this heritage of Algiers suburbs but only a few witnesses still exist today. The deterioration of the Djnens of Algiers Faḥs was initiated by the destructions and transformations dating from the colonial period. The degradation and the alteration of this legacy is also due to a poor exploitation and the lack of maintenance based on methods in inadequacy with the traditional processes. The study of the residences of campaign has been declined at several levels in the aim of their development through the identification of conceptual correlations between the garden and the building thus ensuring symbiosis between container and content. To do this, several tools and investigative approaches have been developed. A historical retrospective was necessary to understand the reasons for the atrophy and impaired Fahs territory. The monograph and the comparative study between the villa Abdeltif and two palaces of the lower Casbah, allowed us to identified from one side the similarities between architecture intramural and extramural and from another part the disparate devices. These represent the specific characteristics of the art of building in rural areas. These are the elements of adaptation to urban-type to the plant environment.