Les résidences clôturées à Alger : quelles significations ? Et quels impacts ?

Abstract

The urban dynamics that characterize today's cities have led to the emergence of new forms of spatial organization, such as "closed residences" or "Gated communities". This phenomenon of residential self-confinement does not seem so new, it is indeed a form of secure residential habitat born in the United States in the 1990s. In America, the debate is about the extent of the phenomenon. Both in the press and in the scientific literature. We denounce, through this form of housing, private urban planning leading to the social fragmentation of the city and the aggravation of urban segregation. On the other hand, the planetary diffusion of this form of habitat originating from America (called Gated communities) and its manifestation as well in Europe as in other non-European countries are more or less recent. Many neighborhoods in Algeria are subject to the adoption of this form of habitat. This is why we seek through this study to understand the phenomenon, its proliferation, and its impact on the city. From a bibliographic search and a field investigation, we will demonstrate that the reasons behind the use of the enclosure are numerous: - The insecurity feeling experienced during the black decade. - The Law of Land Guidance, which introduced the real estate developer as an actor in the urbanization of the city. - The increase in the unemployment rate Today, this phenomenon of residential self-confinement seems to be taking hold over time and is becoming a popular product of the middle class. The real estate developer is the main actor of their rapid spread by the realization of new residences, putting forward a security system marked by the closing. It should be noted that the closed residences in Algiers, did not reach the extent of America’s nor Europe’s gated communities given the surface on which they extend, the benefits they offer and even their impact on social life that is not as important as in Western countries